Factores de Riesgo Ergonómicos Asociados a Alteraciones Musculoesqueléticas en el Personal Docente y Administrativo de una Institución de Educacion Superior de Cuenca, Ecuador Autores:
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.4.2025.e1099Palabras clave:
: ergonomía; trastornos musculoesqueléticos; personal docente; factores de riesgoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los principales factores de riesgo ergonómicos relacionados con alteraciones musculoesqueléticas en personal docente y administrativo de una institución de educación superior en Cuenca, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 35 trabajadores mediante un cuestionario estructurado de 25 ítems distribuidos en dos secciones: datos sociodemográficos y evaluación de factores ergonómicos. Se utilizó una escala Likert de cinco puntos para evaluar cinco dimensiones: alteraciones musculoesqueléticas, posturas inadecuadas, movimientos repetitivos, carga laboral excesiva y factores psicosociales. Los resultados revelaron que los movimientos repetitivos constituyeron el principal factor de riesgo ergonómico con una media de 4.06, seguido por las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas (3.40) y posturas inadecuadas (3.19). Las mujeres presentaron mayor susceptibilidad a alteraciones musculoesqueléticas comparadas con los hombres. El personal con experiencia laboral de 6-10 años mostró las puntuaciones más elevadas en factores de riesgo. Los factores psicosociales y carga laboral excesiva presentaron valores relativamente bajos. Se concluye que es necesario implementar programas preventivos focalizados en reducir movimientos repetitivos y mejorar las condiciones posturales del personal evaluado.
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